Characteristics of porosity and shrinkage defects in medium and large steel castings

Fig. 1 the visual characteristics of air hole defects on the upper surface of steel casting hub are round, the inner wall is smooth and oxidized. There are many reasons for this product. This product is caused by the metal liquid flow in the gating system carrying bubbles into the cavity.

Air hole defect on the upper surface of steel casting hub
Shrinkage due to insufficient riser height

Fig. 2 shrinkage cavity at the bottom of anchor rod riser, which is visually characterized by irregular shape and black brown iron oxide on the inner surface. The main causes are the riser height, insufficient liquid level of molten steel during pouring, or too fast pouring (mold filling) speed.

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