The interfacial heat transfer coefficient is an important parameter to characterize the heat transfer between casting and die

Where h is the heat transfer coefficient of the interface, q is the heat flux of the casting die interface, TCS is the surface temperature of the casting and TDS is the surface temperature of the die. The heat flux at the casting die interface can be obtained by calculating the temperature gradient inside the die or the casting,

Where, λ is the thermal conductivity of the casting or die material, and TM is the temperature at node M. When the interface heat flux is known, the interface heat transfer coefficient can be calculated by the formula as long as the surface temperature TCS and TDS of casting and die are determined. However, the thermocouple temperature measurement requires full contact with the measured medium in order to accurately measure its temperature. As an entity, the thermocouple installed on the casting mold interface will inevitably cause the distortion of the interface temperature field, which means that the surface temperature TCS and TDS of the casting and mold can not be directly measured by the thermocouple. Therefore, based on the internal temperature of the mold or casting, the inverse algorithm is used to calculate the interface heat transfer coefficient.