Tractor gearbox housing

China is a large agricultural country, but it is not a powerful agricultural country. The contradiction between small-scale agricultural production and management mode and agricultural modernization is becoming more and more obvious. With the development of China’s modern science and technology, China’s manufacturing industry has also made leaps and bounds. As one of the agricultural machinery in agricultural production, tractor provides suitable working speed and power for other agricultural tools.

In recent years, with the state’s attention to agriculture, the “three rural” policy has been issued, which has resulted in an overall upward trend in the demand for high-power tractors in recent years. In 2011, 352000 large and medium-sized tractors were sold, with a year-on-year increase of 19.91%.

In 2012, from January to October, the sales of large and medium-sized tractors were 31000 and 321000 respectively, with a year-on-year increase of 23.28% and 19.24%. In the first half of 2013, the cumulative demand for 267000 large and medium-sized tractors increased by 19% year-on-year. In 2014, 40.27 large and medium-sized tractors were sold from January to October, with a slight decrease. In 2015, 556600 large and medium-sized tractors were sold, with a year-on-year increase of 10.9%. In 2017, the sales volume of tractors above 103kW, 110KW and 118 ~ 132kw increased by 158.2%, 356.12% and 255.95% year-on-year. Through the statistics of the sales volume of high-power tractors in recent years, it can be seen that the market demand for high-power tractors has been growing rapidly.

With the digital and intelligent development of modern intelligent vehicles, it also drives the development of tractors in this field. Therefore, tractors need to add more equipment on the basis of original equipment, resulting in more complex overall structure and function of tractors. At present, some enterprises are not mature in the design technology of tractor gearbox, so it is necessary to study and optimize the design of tractor parts.

In agricultural production activities, tractors are mainly used to provide power for agricultural activities. Therefore, the transmission system of tractors is required to have good stability and reliability. As a key part of the tractor transmission system, the gearbox is mainly composed of the gearbox shell, transmission shaft and gears supporting each shafting. The engine output torque is transmitted to the input shaft of the gearbox through the clutch, and then meshed and transmitted to the output shaft through different gear combinations. Finally, the torque is transmitted to the front and rear drive axles and other devices through the transfer gear, and finally the torque is transmitted to the front and rear wheels to provide driving force. The main function of tractor gearbox is to change the transmission ratio and expand the variation range of wheel torque and speed. In addition to the frequently changing driving conditions such as starting, uphill, downhill, acceleration and deceleration, it must also adapt to the speed requirements of agricultural operation, so that the tractor can normally complete various operation requirements; In addition, the tractor gearbox is required to realize the reverse driving of the tractor without changing the engine speed; The tractor gearbox uses neutral, which can realize the interruption of torque transmission without stopping the engine, enable the engine to smoothly realize the functions of starting and idling, and facilitate the gear shift and power output of the gearbox.

As the main component for installing gears, protecting gear transmission, supporting shafting and storing lubricating fluid, the gearbox housing is the basis for ensuring the reliability, safety and accuracy of gear transmission. Therefore, the gearbox shell is required to have sufficient strength and stiffness. If the strength is not enough, under some working conditions, the shell will have large deformation or even cracks, resulting in large installation errors in the installation position of gear and shaft. In addition, the deformation caused by its own stress will seriously affect the normal transmission conditions of gear transmission, reduce the accuracy of gear transmission, and cause vibration, impact noise and The accelerated wear and damage of the gear reduces the overall performance of the whole gearbox. In order to avoid the above problems, in order to improve its strength in the design of gearbox, the usual method is to increase the wall thickness, but this will also increase the weight of gearbox shell, which will also increase the weight of the whole vehicle and affect the cost control. Therefore, the reasonable design of gearbox is more important.

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