At present, with the development trend of automobile lightweight, high strength steel and aluminum alloy become two kinds of materials with high proportion. According to different processes, high strength steel includes dual phase steel (DP steel), multiphase steel (CP steel), ferrite bainite steel (FB steel), martensite steel (MS steel), transformation induced plasticity steel (TRIP steel), hot forming steel (pH steel) The automobile aluminum alloy is mainly divided into cast and deformed aluminum alloy.
Among them, the first and second generation of advanced high strength steel can meet the performance requirements of some automotive parts. For example, dual phase steel and TRIP steel have good energy absorption performance, which can be used for the production of automotive parts in the collision zone to play a role of energy absorption buffer; martensitic steel and boron steel with high strength are used for the production of cabin parts to ensure safety performance. The forming processes that can realize the lightweight of automobile mainly include hot stamping, hydraulic forming, roll forming, laser tailor welded forming of high strength steel, semi-solid forming, high vacuum die casting, isothermal extrusion and isothermal forging of aluminum and magnesium alloys, online molding, online injection molding, online molding of non-metallic composite materials, etc.
While developing new energy vehicles and improving energy-saving technology, lightweight technology has become an effective measure for automobile enterprises to deal with energy conservation and emission reduction. Compared with traditional fuel vehicles, electric vehicles are growing rapidly, less sensitive to the price of materials, and more demand for light materials such as aluminum alloy. It is expected that in the future, with the popularization of technology and the decline of cost, the penetration rate of aluminum alloy body will gradually penetrate from medium and high-end cars to increase the aluminum consumption of single car. If the application potential of aluminum alloy is brought into full play, the amount of aluminum used in a single car can reach 454kg.