The response surface analysis method for aluminum alloy sleeves is a mathematical statistical method used to find the optimal experimental combination under multiple factors. It has the advantages of high accuracy, fewer test times, and low cost. Low pressure casting is a hot forming process, and the temperature distribution in the forming process has a great influence on the solidification sequence and time. A reasonable solidification gradient can avoid the formation of isolated liquid phases, reduce the generation of shrinkage and porosity, and improve the forming quality. However, a shorter solidification time can slow down the growth of secondary dendrites and improve the mechanical properties of castings. Therefore, in this article, the preheating temperature A of the mold, the preheating temperature B of the side mold, the preheating temperature C of the lower mold, and the pouring temperature D are used as optimization parameters, with the minimum shrinkage volume Y1 and the minimum secondary dendrite arm spacing value (SDAS) Y2 as optimization objectives. The response factor level table of the aluminum alloy sleeve is obtained, as shown in Table.
| Factor | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 |
| Preheating temperature of upper mold A /℃ | 290 | 320 | 350 |
| Preheating temperature of mold B /℃ | 330 | 360 | 390 |
| Preheating temperature of mold under C /℃ | 370 | 400 | 430 |
| D Pouring temperature/℃ | 690 | 700 | 710 |
The Box Behnken method was used to design response surface experiments for aluminum alloy sleeves, totaling 27 sets, including 3 sets of experiments at the same level to verify the repeatability of the model. Simulate the low-pressure pouring process of aluminum alloy sleeves using ProCAST software and obtain corresponding experimental results.