The existing excavators are mainly mechanical excavators (also known as electric shovels) and hydraulic excavators. The bucket teeth (shovel teeth) are usually installed at the front end of the excavator bucket and are cantilever members. Bucket tooth is a key component of excavator, which significantly affects the working efficiency of excavator.
Under the action of external force, the bucket teeth directly contact with ore, sand, rock and other materials, and bear both strong impact and bending moment. The tip of bucket teeth is subjected to strong impact abrasive wear, resulting in various cutting furrows and deformation on its surface, resulting in surface wear or falling off.
The bucket teeth form a wear system with the excavation object and surrounding media. With different working conditions, the bucket teeth wear varies greatly and the service life varies. The hardness of ore and rock in China varies greatly, such as the Proctor hardness of iron ore f = 10 ~ 20 and rock f = 10 ~ 18; The rock structure, hardness, blasting condition and the structure and shape of bucket teeth all affect the service life of bucket teeth. The working conditions of large mining excavators are the worst, and the service life of bucket teeth is only 3 ~ 4.
The industrial application practice and relevant data show that the failure types of bucket teeth are 90% ~ 95% wear failure, 5% ~ 10% fracture and deformation failure, and other failures are less than 1%. After decades of R & D, application and development, the bucket teeth are mainly made of wear-resistant austenitic manganese steel, low alloy steel, white cast iron, etc. Based on the review of the wear failure mechanism of bucket teeth, this paper will evaluate and introduce the composition, microstructure, mechanical properties and wear resistance characteristics of wear-resistant materials for bucket teeth.