Among all the casting processes, sand casting is the most commonly used casting method. The molding materials of casting are cheap and easy to obtain, and the types of casting alloys and the structure and size of castings are almost unlimited. They can not only produce castings with very complex shapes and inner cavities, such as boxes, impellers and frames, but also be used to produce castings ranging from a few grams to hundreds of tons, which can meet the needs of various production batches. The molding mode of sand casting can be divided into manual modeling and machine modeling. Among them, manual modeling is suitable for manufacturing single, small batch and complex large castings, while machine modeling is suitable for mass production of medium and small castings. The dimensional tolerance grade of the produced castings is between CT8-CT14, and the machine modeling accuracy and surface quality are higher, but the economic cost will increase. In fact, there are many production processes in sand casting, and modeling is only one of the important links. Therefore, the selection of reasonable process design can not only improve the quality of castings, but also save materials.

Typical modern casting processes include melting, alloying, molding, pouring, solidification, sintering, mechanical processing and other stages, and the corresponding casting processes are implemented by different departments. In each stage of sand casting process, a lot of energy will be consumed and different wastes will be produced at the same time. The production department of sand casting is divided into molding department, core making department, sand processing department, melting department and cleaning department. They make up dozens of processes. Among these processes, there are processes that change with the change of the related parameters of the process planning features. In the casting process, energy and materials are put into the sand casting process, after a series of processes, the final formation of qualified castings, while the system produces a lot of waste and carbon emissions.