The carbon dioxide produced in the casting process mainly comes from energy and materials. Quantifying the carbon emission of the casting process can provide a systematic theory and method for the low-carbon research of the casting process. Through the analysis of sand casting process, the carbon emission calculation of typical manufacturing industry is usually divided into direct carbon emission and indirect carbon emission. Direct carbon emission refers to the carbon emission directly generated from the production site to the atmosphere; Indirect carbon emissions include material carbon emissions and energy carbon emissions. Referring to this classification, the carbon emission of sand casting is divided into energy carbon source, material carbon emission and direct carbon emission. The following is the classification of three types of carbon sources:
Energy carbon emissions (CN): carbon emissions generated by energy consumed in various production departments, as well as this part of carbon emissions generated by various energy sources in their own manufacturing process. The main energy consumed is electricity, coke, etc.
Material carbon emission (CM): carbon emission from energy during the production, transportation and processing of various materials (scrap steel, pig iron, sand, etc.) used in the production process of castings.
Direct carbon emission (CP): the sum of carbon emissions directly to the atmosphere in each production department. For example, carbon emissions from chemical reactions of materials (such as carbon dioxide directly generated by Resin Pyrolysis).
Where: 𝐶 𝐸 total carbon emission; 𝐶 𝑁 represents energy carbon emission; 𝐶 𝑀 indicates the carbon emission of materials; 𝐶 𝑃 represents process carbon emission.